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Should I worry about a brown recluse spider bite? Medically reviewed by Judith Marcin, M. What are brown recluse spiders? Appearance and symptoms Risk factors Home treatments When to see a doctor Outlook Prevention Summary Brown recluse spiders are one of the few species of spider that pose a potential threat to humans.
Share on Pinterest Brown recluse spiders are highly venomous, but can only release small amounts of venom at a time.
Appearance and symptoms. Risk factors. Home treatments. Share on Pinterest Clean a brown recluse spider bite with water and mild soap as soon as it happens. When to see a doctor.
Share on Pinterest Outdoor wood piles can attract brown recluse spiders. Adolescent depression: Could school screening help? Related Coverage. What to do about a horsefly bite Horseflies are common in rural areas and around bodies of water.
What are fire ant bites? What to do if you're stung by a bee. Medically reviewed by University of Illinois. Should I worry about mosquito bites? Medically reviewed by Debra Sullivan, Ph.
Be sure to shake out blankets and clothing that have been stored in the attic or the basement, or if they have been in a closet but not used for a long time. Larger text size Large text size Regular text size.
What's a Brown Recluse Spider? What a Bite Looks and Feels Like A person who gets bitten by a brown recluse spider may not notice anything at first or only feel a little sting at first. What You Should Do If you ever think that you've been bitten by a brown recluse spider, tell an adult immediately. What a Doctor Will Do Doctors treat people who have been bitten by a brown recluse spider with different types of medications like antibiotics, antihistamines, or pain medicines.
How to Avoid Getting Bitten The best way to avoid getting bitten by brown recluse spiders is to be careful in areas where they like to spend time. Then you may feel pain, burning, or itching around the site of the bite.
The area may become red. A small white blister can also form at the site. About 12 to 36 hours after the bite, a characteristic, unique pattern of discoloration can develop. The site of the bite may turn a deep purple or blue color and be surrounded by a whitish ring and a larger red area. There may also be a dark blister or ulcer by the bite. In some cases, the ulcer caused by the bite can persist and grow for weeks.
Go to the emergency room or call your doctor immediately if you think a brown recluse has bitten you. If possible, catch the spider in a jar and take it with you.
This can help your doctor identify the spider and confirm the diagnosis. Often in the emergency department, a doctor will give you a tetanus booster. Most bites will heal on their own without complication. These include blood disorders, kidney failure , coma , or even death. Complications like these are more likely to happen in children and older adults. There is no recommended antivenom medicine that counteracts the poison in the bite, called venom for brown recluse spiders.
Most bites will respond to rest, ice, and elevation. A number of other treatments and medications have been used in managing skin complications from a bite. Just because we have violin spiders does not mean that they are causing all these wounds. In fact, most of the brown recluse spider bite diagnoses I have heard about have come from coastal and Northern California, in cities where no species of recluse has ever been known to live.
One should not call something a spider bite unless a spider was removed from one's skin in the act of biting, seen biting flesh and then running off, found crushed in the remains of clothing near the bite site or if a person with necrotic wounds lives in a house that is infested with violin spiders. You need to have the "smoking gun".
Otherwise, it is baseless speculation. If the spider was on trial, it would never get convicted with most of the "evidence" that people could produce. But many folks don't like the answer of "I don't know" for the cause of their necrotic wound and instead are very determined to pin it on the brown recluse.
They want to blame something concrete and the brown recluse is the scapegoat for their desires. Yes, indeed, necrotic wounds are occurring but it probably is not a spider doing it. One of the best ways to ascertain the rarity of all violin spiders in California is to identify those spiders which everyone thinks are "potential brown recluses". Most spiders have 8 eyes arranged in 2 rows of 4. Violin spiders are very easily identifiable in that they have 6 eyes, in 3 pairs dyads arranged in a U-shaped line on the cephalothorax link here for pictures.
There is a dyad in front and a dyad on each side. In brown recluses and the south American violin spider there is a distinct violin shape as well on the cephalothorax; in the native Californian Loxosceles species, the violin pattern is rather indistinct and commonly non-existent.
If a Californian spider does have 6 eyes, they are usually in a different configuration e. There are some native Californian spiders Scytodes spp. Despite the fact that one can learn to discern a brown recluse from almost all spiders in 5 seconds, I have seen harmless 8-eyed spiders that were misidentified as brown recluses by 1 3 different physicians, 2 an entomologist and 3 a pest control person.
The lay community relies on folks like these as authorities, yet these people go around without the proper knowledge and are continuing the myth of the brown recluse.
Because people know of UC Riverside's Entomology Department, an amazing number of spiders come into the department in the ubiquitous baby food jars. Of course, none of them were. Some of the most common ones brought in were the false black widow Steatoda grossa , male black widows, wood louse spiders Dysdera crocota , wolf spiders, daddy-long leg spiders also known as cellar or pholcid spiders. Some of them haven't even been spiders opilionids and solpugids and the only aspect that seems to be consistent amongst all these submissions is brown color and 8 legs.
Finally, despite all my antagonism, I fully realize that someday someone somewhere may find a thriving population of brown recluse spiders living in California.
But to date, this has not happened despite 1 the overwhelming public concern about the presence of this spider in the state, 2 the false belief that it already is here and causing massive damage and 3 the voluminous collections, spanning several decades and including hundreds of thousands of spiders, by many arachnologists, amateur and professionals alike.
One reason for my verbal assault is that I want to get folks as incensed about finding a real brown recluse as I get incensed about all these folks telling me that brown recluses are everywhere. It is really amazing that wherever I go the supermarket, dental appointments, on campus, etc. The brown recluse has been elevated to a major urban legend status very much like UFOs, Bigfoot and Elvis. There is this mythical characteristic about their legend and the fear they invoke such that the majority of people I run into in California are either convinced that brown recluses live here or are surprised to find out that they don't.
The biological evidence that is available resoundingly deflates any of the arachno-propaganda that is constantly being given new life with each newspaper story or word-of-mouth tale of terror. These are not the opinions of the University of California Riverside however, they are the opinions of a highly volatile arachnologist who is bloody tired of everybody claiming that every little mark on their body is the result of a brown recluse bite and who believe with a religious zeal that brown recluses are part of the California spider fauna despite the incredibly overwhelming evidence to the contrary.
The tone of this article is purposely crafted to mimic the hyperanxious state of the paranoid public because many of them have trouble listening to boring cold scientific presentations of which this may still be guilty despite my intentions when their beliefs are solidly based on erroneous general consensus.
In addition to personal experience and thousands of spiders submitted to UC Rverside, the sources for this opinion encompasses conversations with, interactions with, and the cumulative knowledge of the following, who have experience or expertise in the state of California and, in some cases, are national or international experts: Arachnologists throughout the state including those at the Los Angeles County Museum and San Francisco's California Academy of Sciences one of whom is probably one of the top 5 arachnologists in the world The Calif.
Dept of Food and Agriculture, which is responsible for identifying all exotic pests found in California County Agricultural Commissioner Office entomologists up and down the state Hundreds of pest control operators in both Northern and Southern California County vector and health personnel A U. The late Dr. Findlay Russell, the world's foremost authority on animal venoms.
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