In the north Indian plains, the British are forcing tenants to grow other crops and extracting water cess, marriage and death duty. Most cultivators are resigned to their fate.
Resistance — traces of which go as far back as — has been met with brutality. All options are exhausted. They have heard of him through Bihari indentured labourers.
They succeed after a few attempts. On his way to Champaran, Gandhi halts in Muzaffarpur on April 11, and hears stories of cruelty meted out to tenant-cultivators. Can this be true? The British authorities did not want Gandhi to visit Champaran.
The following morning, he made his way to the village on elephant back, but was summoned by the district magistrate midway. Gandhi declined. Gandhi charted out his plan to visit villages, camping in the two big towns of Bettiah and Motihari. On April 18, Gandhi was summoned to court, where a large crowd had gathered.
Taking the stand, he accepted all charges levelled against him. But I could not do so without doing violence to my sense of duty to those for whom I came. I feel that I could just now serve them only by remaining in their midst. A few days later, the case was withdrawn. The force of satyagraha made its presence felt in India for the first time. Starting April 22, and over the following months, Gandhi set out to collect testimonies of tenants from nearby villages.
Many descended at the Motihari ashram now in east Champaran where Gandhi stayed, to narrate their stories. They took my land and sold my belongings. By June 4, over 7, cultivators from villages recorded their statements. Gandhi ensured that the cultivators were cross-questioned to prove the veracity of their claims; he even invited British officials to witness the proceedings, and often met the planters to hear their versions as well. Based on these testimonies, the Champaran Agrarian Enquiry Committee was set up; Gandhi was a member along with four Indian Civil Services officers, and the commissioner of Central Provinces.
For the first time in India, Gandhi was displaying that magnetic personality, which was to draw multitudes to him and to earn him the title of Mahatma and the nickname of Bapu. Under pressure from the Government of India, the Government of Bihar appointed a committee of inquiry June The recommendations of the committee were implemented, partly by the Champaran Agrarian Act of and partly by executive orders which contains several concessions and prescription of limits for enhancement of rents.
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