The process continues until one candidate has achieved the required majority. Pope John Paul II changed the rules of election in Previously, a candidate had to secure a majority of two-thirds to be elected pope two-thirds plus one vote if the number of cardinals does not divide by three.
In , Pope Benedict passed a decree reverting back to the two-thirds majority, thus encouraging cardinals to reach consensus, rather than one bloc backing a candidate with more than half the votes and then holding out for 12 days to ensure his election. If after three days of balloting nobody has gained the two-thirds majority, voting is suspended for a maximum of one day to allow a pause for prayer, informal discussion and what is described as "a brief spiritual exhortation" by the senior cardinal in the Order of Deacons.
At the end of the election, a document is drawn up giving the results of the voting at each session, and handed over to the new pope. It is kept in an archive in a sealed envelope, which can be opened only on the orders of the pope. The only clue about what is going on inside the Sistine Chapel is the smoke that emerges twice a day from burning the ballot papers. Black signals failure. The traditional white smoke means a new pope has been chosen. After the election of the new pope has been signalled by white smoke rising from the Sistine Chapel chimney, there will be a short delay before his identity is finally revealed to the world.
Once one candidate has attained the required majority, he is then asked: "Do you accept your canonical election as Supreme Pontiff? Having given his consent, the new pope is asked: "By what name do you wish to be called? After he has chosen a name, the other cardinals then approach the new pope to make an act of homage and obedience. The new pope also has to be fitted into his new robes.
The papal tailor will have prepared garments to dress a pope of any size - small, medium or large - but some last-minute adjustments may be required. Then, from the balcony of St Peter's Basilica, the traditional announcement will echo around the square: "Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum His name is then revealed, and the newly-elected pontiff will make his first public appearance.
They are the head of the Vatican city, which is a separate state from Rome. During its first centuries of existence, the Catholic Church and the papacy were closely tied to Roman politics. He is famous for instigating the first recorded large-scale mission from Rome to covert the then pagan Anglo-Saxons in England to Christianity. Some may be shocked to know that throughout history popes have lead armies, levied taxes and commanded kings and queens.
Pope John Paul II largely influenced this world-view of the Pope, as he embraced his role as a spiritual leader and elevated the papacy into a position of considerable global influence. For the most part, prior to his tenure, popes conducted their affairs largely within Rome.
As the most travelled Pope in history, Pope John helped propel the papacy onto the international stage. During his travels, he defended human rights, individual liberties, and social justice, inspiring political change in places like Africa, the Philippines, and Haiti. With these changing attitudes and developments of the papacy in mind, we will now look at how a pope is chosen. Ballots are passed out, and cardinals write in a candidate's name and fold it up, then one by one, in order of seniority, they approach an altar and ceremoniously place their ballots into a chalice.
Voting is secret, but ballots are counted in the open. A cardinal needs a vote of two-thirds to ascend to the papacy. If there is no winner, the vote is repeated one time on the first day. Surprising standards for next Catholic leader. What does the smoke from the chimney mean? After some of the rounds of voting, the ballots land in a furnace. If no one has won, a chemical is added to make the smoke black.
This lets people waiting in St. Peter's Square below know that there is no new pope yet. If there is a winner, no chemical is added, and the smoke remains white, telling the world that the conclave has agreed on a new pontiff. In the past, it has been hard for the crowd waiting in St.
Peter's Square below to discern the color, which has sometimes billowed out in shades of gray. The Vatican has attempted to remedy this by adding a second furnace to boost the intended color. Scandal threatens to overshadow pope's final days. What if there is no winner? Then they vote again, and again, and again. The cardinals may cast ballots as many as four times on the second and third days, according to voting rules laid down by John Paul II.
By the end of the third day, if there is still no new pope, they break for a day for prayer, discussions and admonitions from a senior cardinal. This recovery day was instituted by John Paul II. Voting can go on for another seven rounds of balloting. Still no pope? Keep voting.
John Paul had decided to save the cardinals from themselves, if they reach this point. The cardinals vote by secret ballot, processing one by one up to Michelangelo's fresco of the Last Judgment, saying a prayer and dropping the twice-folded ballot in a large chalice. The result of each ballot are counted aloud and recorded by three cardinals designated as recorders.
If no one receives the necessary two-thirds of the vote, the ballots are burned in a stove near the chapel with a mixture of chemicals to produce black smoke. When a cardinal receives the necessary two-thirds vote, the dean of the College of Cardinals asks him if he accepts his election. If he accepts, he chooses a papal name and is dressed in papal vestments before processing out to the balcony of St. Peter's Basilica. The ballots of the final round are burned with chemicals producing white smoke to signal to the world the election of a new pope.
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