It covers the cervix and also releases spermicide. It should be combined with other forms of birth control. Spermicide comes in a number of different forms, from foams and jellies to films, suppositories, and sponges. Different types of spermicide have different instructions for usage. Some last longer than others or need to be inserted at different times before sex. Be sure to read the instructions before using.
A spermicide is a substance inserted into the vagina before sex that prevents pregnancy by killing sperm before they can fertilize an egg.
Spermicides are usually paired with a barrier contraceptive such as a condom, diaphragm, contraceptive sponge, or cervical cap. They can, but, on their own, spermicides are not the most reliable form of birth control. By far the most common active ingredient of spermicides is nonoxynol In May , the FDA approved a new spermicidal gel called Phexxi made with lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate.
Spermicides come in many different forms. Some are inserted directly into the vagina such as spermicidal foams, creams, gels, films, or suppositories and others are infused in contraceptive sponges or pre-lubricated condoms. Nonoxynol-9, the most common spermicide, can cause vaginal inflammation and irritation. The overuse of nonoxynol-9 can damage the delicate tissues of the vagina and actually increase the risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life.
American Pregnancy Association. Spermicides used alone for contraception. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Evofem Biosciences. Package insert - Phexxi lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate vaginal gel. Updated May Planned Parenthood. What are the disadvantages of using spermicide? Updated Your Privacy Rights.
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Creams and Gels. Types and Benefits of Using Spermicides. Recap Contraceptive foam should be inserted no more than 30 minutes before sex. Vaginal Contraceptive Film. Recap Contraceptive inserts and tablets turn into a foamy substance after insertion. Using a Diaphragm for Birth Control. Recap Contraceptive creams may be less messy than other forms of spermicide. Should You Use the Today Sponge? Frequently Asked Questions What is a spermicide?
Can spermicides alone prevent pregnancy? What chemicals are used in spermicides? What types of spermicide are there? Make sure you carefully read and follow the directions that come with each spermicide product. Each product may have different directions for using the product. The directions tell you how much to use, how long you must wait before having intercourse, and how long you must leave it in the vagina after intercourse. Vaginal douching is not needed or advised after using these medicines.
When using a spermicide, douching within 6 to 8 hours after the last sexual intercourse even with just water may stop the spermicide from working properly. Also, washing or rinsing the vaginal or rectal area may wash the spermicide away before it has had time to work properly. Cervical caps and diaphragms are not recommended for use during your menstrual period because of an increased chance of developing toxic shock syndrome. Your doctor may advise you to use condoms with a spermicide instead during your menstrual periods when protection is needed.
The dose medicines in this class will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. Most spermicides come with an applicator. The applicator is filled with spermicide and inserted into the vagina right before intercourse.
Spermicide use does not require a prescription or a visit to a health professional. Spermicide is sold in drugstores, grocery stores, and family planning clinics. Spermicide and a condom used together provide a reasonable level of birth control without a prescription.
Using spermicide alone is not recommended because it offers poor pregnancy prevention and does not protect against sexually transmitted infections STIs. The most effective strength spermicide contains at least mg of nonoxynol-9 per dose. You are more likely to get pregnant if you use a weaker spermicide. There is no difference in effectiveness between various spermicide types, such as gel, film, or suppository.
Typical use failure rate includes all possible users, including people who are careless and those who use a method perfectly every time. Perfect use failure rate includes only people who use a method perfectly every time. Vaginal douching is not considered a birth control method even if it is done with spermicides.
Douching after intercourse does not prevent sperm from reaching the fallopian tubes, where fertilization takes place. You must use a condom for the best possible STI protection. Most spermicides contain a chemical called nonoxynol-9 N9. The U. Food and Drug Administration FDA warns that N9 in vaginal contraceptives and spermicides may irritate the lining of the vagina or rectum.
Failure rates for barrier methods are higher than for most other methods of birth control. Other disadvantages include the following:. Author: Healthwise Staff. This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated, disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information.
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